Waist circumference
Tape-measure reading around the waist that adds belly fat distribution to the BMI
Also known as
Definition
Waist circumference is the distance around your waist, measured with a tape measure. It estimates how much fat is stored around the abdomen and so complements the BMI, which only uses height and weight and cannot show where in the body fat is stored. MedlinePlus and the WHO name waist circumference as an additional measurement when assessing overweight and obesity. On its own, it does not make a diagnosis.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Unit | cm (inches in the US) |
| Reference Range | Not a lab value. For adults, MedlinePlus describes an increased risk of obesity-related conditions with a waist size above 40 inches (101.6 cm) in men and above 35 inches (88.9 cm) in women who are not pregnant, even with a healthy BMI. Other professional bodies and countries partly use different thresholds. Discuss your value with your doctor. |
Agree on your personal target range with your doctor.
1 inch equals 2.54 cm. 40 inches are 101.6 cm, 35 inches are 88.9 cm.
↓ What a low value means
A waist circumference below these thresholds suggests that relatively little fat is stored around the abdomen. On its own, the value says nothing about overall body composition or possible underweight; height, weight, BMI and other findings are used for that. Discuss questions about your weight with your doctor.
↑ What a high value means
A waist circumference above these thresholds may indicate that a lot of fat is stored in the abdominal area. According to MedlinePlus, the risk of conditions linked to obesity can then be higher, even if the BMI is in the healthy range. These include heart and blood vessel disease, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol and fatty liver disease (MASLD). The value is a pointer, not a diagnosis. Interpreting it together with blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids belongs with your doctor.
When to test
Waist circumference is often taken at a routine checkup together with height and weight. No preparation is needed, and the measurement carries no risk. For a meaningful trend, measure at the same spot, at the same time of day and under the same conditions each time.
Frequently asked questions
Why is the BMI alone not enough? +
The BMI is calculated from height and weight only. It cannot tell whether weight comes from fat or muscle, and it does not show where in the body fat is stored. Waist circumference adds the distribution of fat around the abdomen.
Can my waist circumference be high even though my BMI is normal? +
Yes. MedlinePlus points out that the risk of obesity-related conditions can be higher even with a healthy BMI if the waist size is above the thresholds mentioned. Discuss this with your doctor.
Do the thresholds apply during pregnancy? +
No. The threshold for women given by MedlinePlus explicitly refers to women who are not pregnant.
Are there other methods besides waist circumference and BMI? +
Yes. MedlinePlus mentions skinfold measurements, for example, in which the thickness of a fold of skin and fat is measured at several places on the body to estimate body fat.
Waist circumference
Sources
Last updated: October 05, 2026
This information is for orientation only and does not replace medical advice. Reference ranges can vary by laboratory, method and country.