Vitamin D storage form reflecting individual supply status
calcidiol · 25-hydroxy vitamin D · 25(OH)D · vitamin D3 storage · calcifediol
Biomarker Knowledge
Biomarker Glossary
Medically reviewed definitions for lab values, hormones, vitals, and methods – explained concisely for biohackers and health optimizers.
50
Entries
Primary plasma protein for protein synthesis, liver function, and nutritional status
serum albumin · plasma albumin · total protein fraction albumin
Apolipoprotein B – atherogenic lipoprotein particle count
Apolipoprotein B · ApoB-100
Hemoglobin breakdown product – marker for liver health, bile flow, and hemolysis
total bilirubin · serum bilirubin · direct/indirect bilirubin · jaundice marker
Primary mineral for bone health, muscle contraction, and nerve conduction
Ca · Ca2+ · serum calcium · total calcium · ionized calcium
Adrenal stress hormone with central roles in metabolism and immune regulation
hydrocortisone · stress hormone · serum cortisol · salivary cortisol
Muscle metabolism byproduct used as a kidney function marker
serum creatinine · creatinin
Acute-phase protein as inflammation marker for infections and cardiovascular risk
C-reactive protein · hsCRP · high-sensitivity CRP · inflammation marker
Sensitive kidney filter marker independent of muscle mass – superior GFR estimator
Cys C · serum cystatin C · CKD-EPI cystatin C
Adrenal steroid hormone serving as precursor for testosterone and estrogen
DHEA sulfate · dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate · DHEAS
Primary female sex hormone for cycle regulation, bones, heart, and cognition
estradiol · 17β-estradiol · E2 · serum estradiol
Blood glucose after ≥ 8-hour fast – baseline marker for carbohydrate metabolism
fasting blood glucose · fasting plasma glucose · FPG · fasting blood sugar
Fasting insulin as an early marker of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome
fasting insulin · serum insulin · basal insulin
B vitamin for DNA synthesis, cell growth, and homocysteine breakdown
folate · vitamin B9 · 5-MTHF · methylfolate · folic acid
Active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine
fT3 · free triiodothyronine · FT3
Liver enzyme for bile duct disorders, alcohol use, and oxidative stress
γ-GT · gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase · GGT · gamma-GT
Glomerular filtration rate as a measure of kidney function
glomerular filtration rate · eGFR · estimated GFR · kidney filtration
Liver enzyme indicating cell damage
AST · aspartate aminotransferase · aspartate transaminase · SGOT
Liver-specific enzyme and primary indicator of liver damage
ALT · alanine aminotransferase · alanine transaminase · SGPT
Long-term blood sugar average over 2–3 months
glycated hemoglobin · hemoglobin A1c · A1c · long-term blood sugar
High-density lipoprotein – the 'good' cholesterol
HDL · HDL-C · good cholesterol · high-density lipoprotein
Oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells
Hb · blood pigment · haemoglobin
Measure of insulin resistance from fasting values
Insulin Resistance Index · HOMA2-IR
Amino acid intermediate as vascular and cognition marker
tHcy · total homocysteine
Heart rate variability as a stress and recovery marker
heart rate variability · HRV score · RMSSD · SDNN
High-sensitivity inflammatory marker in the blood
high-sensitivity CRP · hs-CRP · high-sensitive CRP · hsCRP
Insulin-like growth factor – marker for the GH axis and biological aging
somatomedin C · insulin-like growth factor 1 · IGF-I
Low-density lipoprotein – the 'bad' cholesterol
LDL · LDL-C · bad cholesterol · low-density lipoprotein
Lipoprotein(a) – genetically determined cardiac risk marker
Lipoprotein a · Lipoprotein(a) · Lp(a) cholesterol
Essential mineral for over 300 enzyme reactions, muscles, and nerves
Mg · serum magnesium · magnesium sulfate
EPA+DHA proportion in red blood cell membranes as a cardiac risk biomarker
HS-Omega-3 Index · EPA+DHA · omega-3 fatty acids · erythrocyte omega-3
Primary intracellular mineral for heart rhythm, blood pressure, and muscle contraction
K · K+ · serum potassium · potassium chloride
Corpus luteum hormone for cycle regulation, pregnancy, and GABA modulation
P4 · corpus luteum hormone · luteal phase hormone
Trace element for antioxidation, thyroid function, and immune defense
Se · serum selenium · selenoprotein P
Sex hormone-binding globulin regulates the free fraction of testosterone and estradiol
sex hormone-binding globulin · testosterone-binding globulin · TeBG
Primary extracellular electrolyte for fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve conduction
Na · Na+ · serum sodium · salt
Primary male sex hormone for muscle building, libido, and energy
total testosterone · free testosterone · testosterone total · T
Sum of all cholesterol fractions in the blood – entry point into the lipid profile
TC · total cholesterol · serum cholesterol
Autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase – primary marker for autoimmune thyroiditis
anti-TPO · MAK · microsomal antibodies · TPO-AK · anti-thyroid peroxidase
Iron transport protein for assessing iron metabolism capacity
serum transferrin · siderophilin · iron transport protein
Percentage of iron-loaded transferrin – key value for iron status and hemochromatosis
TS · transferrin saturation index · TSAT · serum iron/TIBC
Blood fats as energy reserve and atherosclerosis risk factor
blood fats · triacylglycerols · TG · TAG
Thyroid-stimulating hormone produced by the pituitary gland
thyrotropin · TSH basal · thyroid-stimulating hormone
End product of purine metabolism – marker for gout risk and metabolic syndrome
serum uric acid · urate · hyperuricemia marker
Water-soluble vitamin for the nervous system, DNA synthesis, and blood formation
cobalamin · B12 · methylcobalamin · cyanocobalamin
B-vitamin for amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter production, and immune function
pyridoxine · pyridoxal-5-phosphate · PLP · B6
Fat-soluble antioxidant protecting cell membranes from oxidative stress
α-tocopherol · tocopherol · vitamin E complex · tocotrienol
Trace element for immune function, wound healing, and hormone synthesis
Zn · serum zinc · plasma zinc
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