Biomarker % (mmol/mol)
HbA1c
Long-term blood sugar average over 2–3 months
Also known as
glycated hemoglobin hemoglobin A1c A1c long-term blood sugar
Definition
HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) reflects the average blood glucose level over the preceding two to three months, as glucose binds reversibly to hemoglobin in red blood cells. It is the central diagnostic and monitoring marker for type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes, and is also used in biohacking to track insulin sensitivity and the impact of dietary interventions.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Unit | % (mmol/mol) |
| Reference Range | < 5.7% (normal) | 5.7–6.4% (prediabetes) | ≥ 6.5% (diabetes, ADA criteria) |
| Optimal Range (lab2go) | < 5.4% (lab2go Optimum Zone) |
Last Reviewed: 17 April 2026 · maritta